Reaching Critical Will

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

Conference on Disarmament

General Assembly First Committee

UN Disarmament Commission

Special Session on Disarmament

Model Nuclear Inventory 2007
Hungary

Location and capability of nuclear facilities
Fissile material holdings
Nuclear activities
International non-proliferation efforts
Positions taken in international fora on various issues of disarmament

1. Location and Capability of Nuclear Facilities

Hungary’s main energy resources are coal and lignite. Hungary is also a producer of crude oil and natural gas. Today, nuclear energy comprises more than a third of its total energy production. It has four nuclear power reactors, the first of which began operating in 1982. There are no nuclear power plant suppliers in Hungary, the main components of the Paks nuclear power plant were made abroad, in Russia and the Czech Republic.
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/cnpp2003/index.htm
http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/reactors.html
http://www.uic.com.au/nip92.htm

Power Reactors
Operational: 4
Shut down: 0
Decommissioned: 0
Planned: 0
http://www.iaea.or.at/programmes/a2/

Research Reactors
Operational: 2
Shut down: 0
Decommissioned: 1
Planned: 0
http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/rrdb/

Uranium Mines
Pécs Mecsek (Baranva province) - closed

Hungary has some uranium reserves, but no present production. All fuel supply is contracted from Russia, though arrangements are in place to allow the use of BNFL fuel. http://www.uic.com.au/nip92.htm

2. Fissile Material Holdings

Separated Civil Plutonium- 7.5 tons (end 2003)
http://www.isis-online.org/global_stocks/end2003/plutonium_watch2005.pdf

Radioactive waste disposal
Low- and intermediate-level waste: Low- and intermediate-level waste from the Pécs plant is stored in an Interim Storage Facility for five years and then transferred to dry storage there. A low-level waste repository operates at Puspökszilagy for institutional (non-nuclear) radioactive wastes. An underground repository site was built near the village of Bátaapáti in 2005.

High-level waste: Due to interim storage facilities, the government decided that there is no immediate need to establish a high-level waste repository before the middle of the century. However, exploratory work has been done in a clay stone formation and, based on existing data, a country-wide screening took place looking for potential sites. The long-term policy of high-level waste management is now in preparation.
http://www.nea.fr/html/rwm/rf/hungary.pdf
http://www.golder.com/default.asp?LID=1&PID=653

3. Nuclear Activities

Research Programs
KFKI AEKI: Atomic Energy Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
MTAKK: Chemical Research Center
Fodor Jozef National Public Health Center
Frederic Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene
VEIKI: Institute for Electrical Power Research
Institute for Isotope and Surface Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
IKI: Institute of Isotope & Surface Chemistry -
Institute of Nuclear Research - Debrecen
Institute of Nuclear Techniques
MTA; Magyar Tudomá Akadé of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Research Institute for Particle & Nuclear Physics
AKKL: Research Laboratory of Materials & Environmental Chemistry
http://www.radwaste.org/research.htm

Nuclear Cooperation
US/European Commission: Provided funding (US$7 million) for a four year safety project at the Paks nuclear power plant.

Canada, France, Romania, UK, US: Hungarian Atomic Energy Authority maintains mutual information exchange agreements with counterpart organizations in Canada, France, Romania, UK, and US.
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/cnpp2003/index.htm

Russia: Hungary imports 80% of its gas consumption each year solely from Russia. Some spent fuel is sent to Russia for reprocessing. http://www.uic.com.au/nip92.htm

Australia: In 2006, Australian based Whildhorse Energy Ltd. sought out uranium exploration at Pécs and several other locations.

IAEA: The Hungarian Atomic Energy Authority is an authorised counterpart of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) and co-ordinates the Hungarian participation in their activities.

4. International Nonproliferation Efforts

Treaties Signed and Ratified, date of deposit
Antarctic Treaty, 27 January 1984
APM Convention 6 April 1998
Biological Weapons Convention 27 December 1972
Certain Conventional Weapons Convention 14 June 1982
Chemical Weapons Convention 31 October 1996
Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty, 13 July 1999
Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, 4 May 1984
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, 27 May 1969
Outer Space Treaty, 26 June 1967
Seabed Arms Control Treaty, 13 August 1971
Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, October 1989
http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Conventions/liability_status.pdf

Hungary ratified the IAEA Additional Protocol on 4 April 2000.

Multilateral Groups
Australia Group
Conference on Disarmament
Hague Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation
Missile Technology Control Regime
Nuclear Suppliers Group
Wassenaar Arrangement
Zangger Committee

5. Positions Taken in International Fora on Various Issues of Nuclear Disarmament

Compliance: "The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their delivery systems constitutes a major threat to international peace and security. The most important challenge faced by the international community in this context is non-compliance with the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT). My Government sincerely hopes that the next NPT review cycle will ultimately bring tangible results, and urges all nations to make genuine contributions to that effect."
- Statement by H.E. Ms. Kinga GNCZ, Minister of Foreign Affairs in the General Debate of the 61st Session of the General Assembly, New York, 25 September 2006. http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/political/1com/1com06/disarmindex06.html#hungary