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Model Nuclear
Inventory 2007
Peru
- Location and capability of nuclear facilities
- Fissile material holdings
- Nuclear activities
- International non-proliferation efforts
- Positions taken in international fora on
various issues of disarmament
1.
Location and Capability of Nuclear Facilities
Peru does not operate any nuclear power plants today, but
the Peruvian Nuclear Program began in 1975 with the construction
of a basic infrastructure and human resources training. In
1995, a research center was built. That same year, the 1995-2000
Nuclear Plan was approved, emphasizing the optimal use of
the nuclear facilities available in the country. http://anes.fiu.edu/Pro/s2mon.pdf
Power Reactors-0
Research Reactors
Operational: 2
Planned: 0
http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/rrdb/
Uranium Mines
Uranium exploration in Peru was conducted under the authority
and control of Instituto Peruano de Energía Nuclear
(IPEN) since the 1950s and until 1992, when economic constraints
put an end to activity. During the three decades, 78 target
areas were identified. Over 40 locations of uranium deposits
in Puno, the south-eastern part of Peru, were estimated to
amount to 3,650 tons.
Prospection of the uranium mine of the Musicani project was
halted. Exploration of the Corachapi depsoit is ongoing. http://www.venaresources.com/The_News/Latest_News/Uranium_Property_Expansion/
http://www.worldenergy.org/wec-geis/edc/countries/Peru.asp
http://www.antenna.nl/wise/uranium/uosam.html#PE
2.
Fissile Material Holdings
Radioactive waste disposal
Low- and intermediate-level waste: Rasco is a near
surface repository site for Peru's low- and intermediate-level
waste. http://www.radioactivewaste.gov.au/pdf_documents/eis/draft_eis/Chapters/chapter_2.pdf
3.
Nuclear Activities
Research Centers
IPEN: Peruvian Nuclear Energy Institute
SPR: Peruvian Society of Radioprotection
http://www.iaea.org/inis/ws/research_institutes/peru.html
Nuclear Cooperation
IAEA: Peru is part of the Regional Cooperative Arrangement
for the Promotion of Nuclear Science and Technology in Latin
America (ARCAL), an IAEA program concerning regional cooperation
in the areas of research reactors, nuclear techniques in agriculture
and activities on food irradiation, among others.
http://www-tc.iaea.org/tcweb/tcprogramme/projectsbyregion/latinamerica/arcal/default.asp
US: The US, as well as the IAEA, assists Peru in
the field of nuclear power generation at the Argonne National
laboratory. http://www.iaea.org/About/Policy/GC/GC39/Records/g39plr08.pdf
Canada: Several Canadian companies, including Resources
Corporation, Solex Resoruces Corporation, Strathmore Minerals
Corporation and Vena Resources Corp. own the rights to uranium
deposits in various parts of Peru, most particularly in the
south and and south-east.
http://www.uxc.com/links/uxc_links-j-l.html
http://www.world-nuclear.org/nb/nb01/nb0122.htm
http://www.venaresources.com/The_News/Latest_News/Uranium_Property_Expansion/
Russia: Since 1991, the Russian government cooperates
with Peru through the Russian Minatom department.
In July 2006, Peru and Russia signed an agreement to develop
nuclear technology in the field of energy cooperation including
an expert exchange program, and a technician training program.
http://www.bellona.no/en/channel29444n25s800_.html
http://english.people.com.cn/200607/20/eng20060720_285021.html
4.
International Non-proliferation Efforts
Treaties Signed and Ratified, date of deposit
Antarctic Treaty, 10 April 1981
APM Convention, 17 June 1998
Biological Weapons Convention, 5 June 1985
Certain Conventional Weapons Convention, 3 July 1997
Chemical Weapons Convention, 20 July 1995
Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty, 12 November 1997
Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material,
11 January 1995
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, 3 March 1970
Outer Space Treaty, 28 February 1979
Treaty of Tlatelolco, 4 March 1969
Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, November
1980.
http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Conventions/liability_status.pdf
Peru ratified the IAEA Additional Protocol on 23 July 2001.
Multilateral Groups
Conference on Disarmament
Hague Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation
5.
Positions Taken in International Fora on Various Issues of
Nuclear Disarmament
Nonproliferation and Global Security: "Under
these premises, it is fundamental to fortify the regimes of
disarmament and nonproliferation, as well as the one of peaceful
solution of controversies." - Statement by Minister
of Foreign Affairs Jose Antonio Garcia Belaunde to the General
Debate of the 61st Session of the General Assembly, 26th September
2006.
http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/political/1com/1com06/disarmindex06.html#peru
Disarmament and FMCT: "Nuclear disarmament remains
the ultimate objective, but it is necessary to renew efforts
to move forward through the different phases that will lead
us towards that goal. As far as my delegation is concerned,
one of the most important ones would be prompt initiation
of negotiations and the adoption of a treaty on fissile material
that would meet the security perceptions of the entire international
community." - Statement by Mr. Diego Belevan
to the Conference on Disarmament, 22 May 2006. http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/political/cd/speeches06/index2.html
FMCT: "Any future legally bidning instrument
related to fissile material will necessarily have to achieve
the double objectives of disarmament and non-proliferation,
to satisfy the security priorities of the international community."
- Statement by Mr. Diego Belevan to the Conference
on Disarmament, 6 February 2007. http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/political/cd/speeches07/1session/Feb6Peru.pdf
Conference on Disarmament: "The delegation of
Peru shares the opinion of many of the members of the Conference
on the necessity to actively persue nuclear disarmament; one
of the important subjects identified by the agenda we approved
a few weeks ago. Nonetheless, my delegation considers that
the incremental approach is the adequate solution to restart
the substantive work of the CD in a concrete and realist manner
in order to face the problems posed by the latest developments
in the international scenario in the fields of disarmament
and non proliferation; non proliferation and disarmament are
two,
mutually reinforcing sides of the same coin."
- Statement by Mr. Diego Belevan to the Conference on Disarmament,
6 February 2007. http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/political/cd/speeches07/1session/Feb6Peru.pdf
Thirteen Steps: "We think it essential to have
a dictum on the execution of the 13 steps towards disarmament
taken in the 2000 Review Conference, specifically with regards
to the signing and ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban
Treaty, the negotiation of a Treaty outlining the elimination
and prohibition of fusible material, including effective mechanisms
of verification and the unrestricted application of the irreversibility
principle as applied to nuclear disarmament." -
Statement by Ambassador Oswaldo de Rivero to the Seventh Review
Conference of the NPT, 2 May 2005.
http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/legal/npt/RevCon05/GDstatements/peru.pdf
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