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1995 NPT Review Conference Package
of Decisions
ADOPTED BY THE 1995 NPT REVIEW AND EXTENSION
CONFERENCE 17 APRIL - 12 MAY, 1995
Decision 1: Strengthening the Review Process of
the Treaty
Decision 2: Principles and Objectives
for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament
Decision 3: Extension of the Treaty
on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
Decision 4: Resolution on the Middle East
Decision 1. Strengthening the Review Process
of the Treaty
1. The Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation
of Nuclear Weapons examined the implementation of article VIII,
paragraph 3, of the Treaty and agreed to strengthen the review process
for the operation of the Treaty with a view to assuring that the
purposes of the Preamble and the provision of the Treaty are being
realized.
2. The States party to the Treaty participating in the Conference
decided, in accordance with article VIII, paragraph 3, that Review
Conferences should continue to be held every five year and that,
accordingly, the next Review Conference should be held in the year
2000.
3. The Conference decided that, beginning in 1997, the Preparatory
Committee should hold, normally for a duration of 10 working days,
a meeting in each of the three years prior to the Review Conference.
If necessary, a fourth preparatory meeting may be held in the year
of the Conference.
4. The purpose of the Preparatory Committee meetings would be to
consider principles, objectives and ways in order to promote the
full implementation of the Treaty, as well as its universality,
and to make recommendations thereon to the Review Conference. These
include those identified in the Decision on principles and objectives
for nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament, adopted on 11 May
1995. These meetings should also make the procedural preparations
for the next Review Conference.
5. The Conference also concluded that the present structure of
three main Committees should continue and the question of an overlap
of issues being discussed in more than one Committee should be resolved
in the General Committee, which would coordinate the work of the
Committees so that the substantive responsibility for the preparation
of the report with respect to each specific issue is undertaken
in only one Committee.
6. It was also agreed that subsidiary bodies could be established
within the respective Main Committees for specific issues relevant
to the Treaty, so as to provide for a focused consideration of such
issues. The establishment of such subsidiary bodies would be recommended
by the Preparatory Committee for each Review Conference in relation
to the specific objectives of the Review Conference.
7. The Conference agreed further that Review Conferences should
look forward as well as back. They should evaluate the results of
the period they are reviewing, including the implementation of undertakings
of the States parties under the Treaty, and identify the areas in
which, and the means through which, further progress should be sought
in the future. Review Conferences should also address specifically
what might be done to strengthen the implementation of the Treaty
and to achieve its universality.
Decision 2. Principles and Objectives for Nuclear
Non-Proliferation and Disarmament
"The Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation
of Nuclear Weapons,
Reaffirming the preamble and articles of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation
of Nuclear Weapons,
Welcoming the end of the cold war, the ensuing easing of international
tension and the strengthening of trust between States,
Desiring a set of principles and objectives in accordance with
which nuclear non-proliferation, nuclear disarmament and international
cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy should be vigorously
pursued and progress, achievements and shortcomings evaluated periodically
within the review process provided for in article VIII, paragraph
3, of the Treaty, the enhancement and strengthening of which is
welcomed,
Reiterating the ultimate goals of the complete elimination of nuclear
weapons and a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict
and effective international control,
The Conference affirms the need to continue to move with determination
towards the full realization and effective implementation of the
provisions of the Treaty, and accordingly adopts the following principles
and objectives:
Universality
1. Universal adherence to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of
Nuclear weapons is an urgent priority. All States not yet party
to the Treaty are called upon to accede to the Treaty at the earliest
date, particularly those States that operate unsafeguarded nuclear
facilities. Every effort should be made by all States parties to
achieve this objective.
Non-proliferation
2. The proliferation of nuclear weapons would seriously increase
the danger of nuclear war. The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of
Nuclear Weapons has a vital role to play in preventing the proliferation
of nuclear weapons. Every effort should be made to implement the
Treaty in all its aspects to prevent the proliferation of nuclear
weapons and other nuclear explosive devices, without hampering the
peaceful uses of nuclear energy by States parties to the Treaty.
Nuclear Disarmament
3. Nuclear disarmament is substantially facilitated by the easing
of international tension and the strengthening of trust between
States which have prevailed following the end of the cold war. The
undertakings with regard to nuclear disarmament as set out in the
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons should thus be
fulfilled with determination. In this regard, the nuclear-weapons
States reaffirm their commitment, as stated in article VI, to pursue
in good faith negotiations on effective measures relating to nuclear
disarmament.
4. The achievement of the following measures is important in the
full realization and effective implementation of article VI, including
the program of action as reflected below: (a) The completion by
the Conference on Disarmament of the negotiations on a universal
and internationally and effectively verifiable Comprehensive Nuclear-Test
Ban Treaty no later than 1996. Pending the entry into force of a
Comprehensive Test-Ban Treaty, the nuclear weapon States should
exercise utmost restraint; (b) The immediate commencement and early
conclusion of negotiations on a non-discriminatory and universally
applicable convention banning the production of fissile material
for nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices, in accordance
with the statement of the Special Coordinator of the Conference
on Disarmament and the mandate contained therein; (c) The determined
pursuit by the nuclear-weapon States of systematic and progressive
efforts to reduce nuclear weapons globally, with the ultimate goals
of elimination those weapons, and by all States of general and complete
disarmament under strict and effective international control.
Nuclear-weapon-free zones
5. The conviction that the establishment of internationally recognized
nuclear-weapon-free zones, on the basis of arrangements freely arrived
at among the States of the region concerned, enhances global and
regional peace and security is reaffirmed.
6. The development of nuclear-weapon-free zones, especially in
regions of tension, such as in the Middle East, as well as the establishment
of zones free of all weapons of mass destruction, should be encouraged
as a matter of priority, taking into account the specific characteristics
of each region. The establishment of additional nuclear-weapon-free
zones by the time of the Review Conference in the year 2000 would
be welcome.
7. The cooperation of all the nuclear-weapons States and their
respect and support for the relevant protocols is necessary for
the maximum effectiveness of such nuclear-weapon-free zones and
the relevant protocols.
Security Assurances
8. Noting United Nations Security Council resolution 984 (1995),
which was adopted unanimously on 11 April 1995, as well as the declarations
of the nuclear-weapon States concerning both negative and positive
security assurances, further steps should be considered to assure
non-nuclear-weapon States party to the Treaty against the use or
threat or use of nuclear weapons. These steps could take the form
of an internationally legally binding instrument.
Safeguards
9. The International Atomic Energy Agency is the competent authority
responsible to verify and assure, in accordance with the statute
of the Agency and the Agency's safeguard system, compliance with
its safeguards agreements with States parties undertaken in fulfillment
o their obligations under article III paragraph 1, of the Treaty,
with a view to preventing diversion of nuclear energy from peaceful
uses to nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices. Nothing
should be done to undermine the authority of the International Atomic
Energy Agency in this regard. States parties that have concerns
regarding non-compliance with the safeguards agreements of the Treaty
by the States parties should direct such concerns, along with supporting
evidence and information, to the Agency to consider, investigate,
draw conclusions and decide on necessary actions in accordance with
its mandate.
10. All States parties required by article III of the Treaty to
sign and bring into force comprehensive safeguards agreements and
which have not yet done so should do so without delay.
11. International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards should be regularly
assessed and evaluated. Decisions adopted by its Board of Governors
aimed at further strengthening the effectiveness of Agency safeguards
should be supported and implemented and the Agency's capability
to detect undeclared nuclear activities should be increased. Also,
States not party to the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
should be urged to enter into comprehensive safeguards agreements
with the Agency.
12. New supply arrangements for the transfer of source or special
fissionable material or equipment or material especially designed
or prepared for the processing, use or production of special fissionable
material to non-nuclear-weapon States should require, as a necessary
precondition, acceptance of the Agency's full-scope safeguards and
internationally legally binding commitments not to acquire nuclear
weapons or other nuclear explosive devices.
13. Nuclear fissile material transferred from military use to
peaceful nuclear activities should, as soon as practicable, be placed
under Agency safeguards in the framework of the voluntary safeguards
agreements in place with the nuclear weapons States. Safeguards
should be universally applied once the complete elimination of nuclear
weapons has been achieved.
Peaceful uses of nuclear energy
14. Particular importance should be attached to ensuring the exercise
of the inalienable right of all the parties to the Treaty and to
develop research, production and use of nuclear energy for peaceful
purposes without discrimination and in conformity with articles
I, II as well as III of the Treaty.
15. Undertakings to facilitate participation in the fullest possible
exchange of equipment, materials and scientific and technological
information for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy should be fully
implemented.
16. In all activities designed to promote the peaceful uses of
nuclear energy, preferential treatment should be given to the non-nuclear-weapon
States party to the Treaty, taking the needs of developing countries
particularly into account.
17. Transparency in nuclear-related export controls should be promoted
within the framework of dialogue and cooperation among all interested
States party to the Treaty.
18. All States should, through rigorous national measures and international
cooperation, maintain the highest practicable levels of nuclear
safety, including in waste management, and observe standards and
guidelines in nuclear materials accounting, physical protection
and transport of nuclear materials.
19. Every effort should be made to ensure that the International
Atomic Energy Agency has the financial and human resources necessary
to meet effectively its responsibilities in the areas of technical
cooperation, safeguards and nuclear safety. The Agency should also
be encouraged to intensify its efforts aimed at finding ways and
means for funding technical assistance through predictable and assured
resources.
20. Attacks or threats of attack on nuclear facilities devoted
to peaceful purposes jeopardize nuclear safety and raise serious
concerns regarding the application of international law on the use
of force in such cases, which could warrant appropriate action in
accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations.
The Conference requests that the President of the Conference bring
the present decision, the decision on strengthening the review process
for the Treaty and the decision on the extension of the Treaty on
the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, to the attention of the
heads of State or Government of all States and seek their full cooperation
on these documents and in the furtherance of the goals of the Treaty."
Decision 3. Extension of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation
of Nuclear Weapons
"The Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation
of Nuclear Weapons,
Having convened in New York from 17 April to 12 May 1995, in accordance
with article VIII, paragraph 3, and X, paragraph 2, of the Treaty,
on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,
Having reviewed the operation of the Treaty and affirming that
there is a need for full compliance with the Treaty, its extension
and its universal adherence, which are essential to international
peace and security and the attainment of the ultimate goals of the
complete elimination of nuclear weapons and a treaty on general
and complete disarmament under strict and effective international
control,
Having reaffirmed article VIII, paragraph 3, of the Treaty and
the need for its continued implementation in a strengthened manner
and, to this end, emphasizing the decision on strengthening the
review process for the Treaty and the decision on principles and
objectives for nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament, also adopted
by the Conference,
Having established that the Conference is quorate in accordance
with article X, paragraph 2, of the Treaty.
Decides that, as a majority exists among States party to the Treaty
for its indefinite extension, in accordance with article X, paragraph
2, the Treaty shall continue in force indefinitely."
4. Resolution on the Middle East (Proposed by
the Russian Federation, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland and the United States of America.)
The Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation
of Nuclear Weapons,
Reaffirming the purpose and provisions of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation
of Nuclear Weapons,
Recognizing that, pursuant to article VII of the Treaty, the establishment
of nuclear weapon-free zones contributes to strengthening the international
non-proliferation regime,
Recalling that the Security Council, in its statement of 31 January
1992, affirmed that the proliferation of nuclear and all other weapons
of mass destruction constituted a threat to international peace
and security.
Recalling also General Assembly resolutions adopted by consensus
supporting the establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the
Middle East, the latest of which is resolution 49/71 adopted on
15 December 1994,
Recalling further the relevant resolutions adopted by the General
Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency concerning
the application of Agency safeguards in the Middle East, the latest
of which is GC (XXXVIII)/RES/21/ of 23 September 1994, and noting
the danger of nuclear proliferation especially in areas of tensions,
Bearing in mind Security Council Resolution 687 (1991) and particularly
paragraph 14 thereof, Noting Security Council resolution 984 (1995)
and paragraph 8 of the decision on principles and objectives for
nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament adopted by the Conference
on 11 May 1995,
Bearing in mind the other decisions adopted by the Conference on
11 May 1995
1. Endorses the aims and objectives of the Middle East peace process
and recognizes that efforts in this regard, as well as other efforts,
contribute to inter alia, a Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons
as well as other weapons of mass destruction;
2. Notes with satisfaction that, in its report (NPT/CONF. 1995/MC.III/1),
Main Committee III of the conference recommended that the Conference
"call on those remaining States not Parties to the Treaty to accede
to it, thereby accepting an international legally binding commitment
not to acquire nuclear weapons or nuclear explosive devices and
to accept International Atomic Energy Agency safeguard on all their
nuclear activities";
3. Notes with concern the continued existence in the Middle East
of unsafeguarded nuclear facilities, and reaffirms in this connection
the recommendation contained in section VI, paragraph 3, of the
report of Main Committee III urging those non-parties to the Treaty
on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons that operate unsafeguarded
nuclear facilities to accept full-scope International Atomic Energy
Agency safeguards;
4. Reaffirms the importance of the early realization of universal
adherence to the Treaty, and calls upon all States of the Middle
East that have not yet done so, without exception, to accede to
the Treaty as soon as possible and to place their nuclear facilities
under full-scope International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards;
5. Calls upon all States in the Middle East to take practical steps
in appropriate forums aimed at making progress towards, inter alia,
the establishment of an effectively verifiable Middle East zone
free of weapons of mass destruction, nuclear, chemical and biological,
and their delivery systems, and to refrain from taking any measures
that preclude the achievement of this objective;
6. Calls upon all States party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation
of Nuclear Weapons, and in particular the nuclear-weapons States,
to extend their cooperation and to exert their utmost efforts with
a view to ensuring the early establishment by regional parties of
a Middle East zone free of nuclear and all other weapons of mass
destruction and their delivery systems."
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