Recurrent Themes

• Next steps should be consistent with the long-term goal.
Focusing on the long-term goal should not detract from pursuing next steps.
• Verification requirements depend on the political process and climate, internationally and internally.
• Open democratic societies are not likely to sustain clandestine nuclear activities under a global disarmament regime.
• Societal verification includes informed citizen participation and could require protection for whistleblowers.
• Education in proliferation dangers and disarmament norms is essential.
• Confidence in fissile material accounting and control cannot be complete and will be increasingly difficult to attain without immediate efforts to document the histories of nuclear programs.
• Verified disarmament of both delivery vehicles and warheads should be pursued.
• The costs of disarmament should be compared to the costs of proliferation — past and current arsenals, opportunity costs, and the
• potential costs of use.
• More creative arms control, non-proliferation, and disarmament carrots and sticks are needed.

Participants

Bruce Blair, The Center for Defense Information

John Burroughs, Lawyers’ Committee on Nuclear Policy

Merav Datan, International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War & Physicians for Social Responsibility

Bev Delong, Canadian Network to Abolish Nuclear Weapons & Lawyers for Social Responsibility

Isabelle Desmartis, Arms Control Policy and Proliferation, Department of National Defence, Canada

Walter Dorn, Royal Military College of Canada

Steve Fetter, School of Public Affairs, University of Maryland

Chris Grout, Department of Foreign Affairs & International Trade, Canada

Ismail Khairat, Permanent Mission of the Arab Republic of Egypt to the United Nations

Daryl Kimball, Arms Control Association

Robert McDougall, Non-Proliferation, Arms Control and Disarmament, Department of Foreign Affairs & International Trade, Canada

William McKen, Canadian National Authority, CWC; Nuclear and Chemical Disarmament Implementation Agency, Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, Canada

Ambassador Arend Meerburg, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The Netherlands

Scott Proudfoot, Non-Proliferation, Arms Control and Disarmament, Department of Foreign Affairs & International Trade, Canada

Tariq Rauf, International Organizations and Nonproliferation Program, Monterey Institute of International Studies

Vincent Rigby, Arms Control Policy and Proliferation, Department of National Defence, Canada

Randy Rydell, Department for Disarmament Affairs, United Nations

Ambassador Henrik Salander, Permanent Mission of Sweden to the United Nations

Annette Schaper, Peace Research Institute Frankfurt

Jurgen Scheffran, International Network of Engineers and Scientists Against Proliferation

Emily Schroeder, Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom

Penelope Simons, The Simons Foundation & Lawyers for Social Responsibility

Jaya Tiwari, Physicians for Social Responsibility

Alyn Ware, Lawyers’ Committee on Nuclear Policy

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